ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the ray types, animal species, irradiation modes and sites used in the establishment of animal models of radioactive skin injury in China are not consistent. Meanwhile, there is no uniform standard for the prevention and treatment of radioactive skin injury in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To establish an ideal rat model of acute radioactive skin injury. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 32, 38, 45 Gy X-ray groups (n=18) and non-irradiated group (n=6). Three X-ray irradiated groups (32, 38, 45 Gy) received single irradiation of the right posterior buttock, 300 cGy/min, 100 cm between the skin and irradiated source, for 10.67, 12.67, and 15 minutes respectively. No irradiation was given in the non-irradiated group. The study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethic Committee of Shanxi Cancer Hospital (approval No. GDY2018001). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no accidental death after irradiation. The body mass of the rats decreased within 3 days after irradiation, and then increased. Irradiated wound was severest at about 15 days after irradiation, and the body mass dropped again, and returned to normal 2 days later. Two weeks after radiation, with the increase of X-ray dose, the structures of rat’s skin appendages were destroyed and a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated, indicating that the acute radiation skin injury was dose-dependent within a certain range. On the other hand, with the increase of irradiation time, the skin wound in the 38 and 45 Gy groups gradually deepened. At the same dose, the severity of acute radiation skin injury was also positively correlated with the irradiation time. After 6 hours to 15 days of 38 Gy irradiation on the rat skin, macrophages were activated, and the expression of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 was enhanced, indicating obvious inflammatory response, and thereby verifying the reliability of the model. To conclude, it is an ideal animal model of acute X-ray skin injury model made by the X-ray linear accelerator, which is easily observed and obtained, with obvious skin inflammation expression. This model is also of high safety and strong tolerance.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the AChE and nAChR in the NMJ and the morphology of the muscle in the bilateral triceps surae after the unilateral shock wave therapy. Method 60 male New Zealand rabbits weighing (2± 0.2) Kg were used in this study. Two thousand shock waves at an energy flux density of 1.5bar and the frequency of 10Hz were applied to their left calf muscles. Divided into six groups, both sides of the triceps muscle of calf were taken out on the day of the shock wave and the1,2,4,6 and 8 weeks after the treatment. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of muscle tissue and the average optical density was measured after AChE stain so as to calculate the receptor count after Acetylcholine receptor immunohistochemistry. Result No abnormal morphological abnormalities were observed in all rabbits. In the first five groups, the AChE was significantly higher in the side of the shockwave treatment compairing with the control side (<0.05),slow decrease after 1 week after the treatment. In the first five groups, the nAChR was significantly lower in the side of the shock wave treatment compairing with the control side ( <0.05), and gradually increased to normal after 8 weeks. Conslusion Suitable dose of shock wave will not have a greater impact on morphology of muscle tissue. After the shock wave treatment, the amount and degree of stimulate of muscle cells were decreased, and the production of action potentials was reduced. While the experimental side AchE and AchR in shock wave treatment day to 8 weeks after treatment showed a significant trend to normal, it shows that the effect of shock wave on NMJ is transient and reversible.
ABSTRACT
?Smart phones as a symbol of the mobile Internet appears in college classroom, which is not only a challenge, but also a great opportunities of education information. This paper applied smart phones as the carrier of the Internet into ophthalmology classroom. Smart phones has a lot of features, such as rich teaching resources, diverse learning methods, flexible learning time, collating and recording capabilities and the timely, comprehensive and accurate teaching feedback so on, and could be used in case teaching and interactive teaching. The implementation of smart phones into ophthalmology classroom could inspire the learning enthusiasm of the students, enhance the quality of teaching, eventually improve teaching effects.